$1![k!0s!Kv'S!!Na'CZ'YK'\QKN7!ON(B, 1840$1!<e(B-1949$1!<es - $1-5\'CH'[4s ($1!63'JE'I(!<D (B: s $1!bf'c+!Fd3BD!S,!WN!JH!Na(B,s, 2013)
Keywords: Social change China History; Social change China Gansu Sheng History; Social change