pt. 1: Traditional Christian anthropology and its modern critics -- Early Christian views of the afterlife -- Dualistic anthropologies -- Nondualistic philosophical anthropologies -- The scientific challenge to dualism -- The challenge to dualism from biblical scholarship -- The historical-theological challenge to dualism -- The challenge to dualism from Christian orthopraxis -- pt. 2: Old Testament anthropology: the holistic emphasis -- Introduction: the state of the debate -- The holistic emphasis of the Old Testament -- Philosophical reflections -- pt. 3: Old Testament anthropology: the dualistic implication -- The Old Testament view of existence after death -- Philosophical reflection: holistic dualism -- pt. 4: The anthropology of intertestamental eschatology -- Intertestamental views of the afterlife -- pt. 5: The monism-dualism debate about New Testament anthropology -- A preliminary assessment of the case for dualism -- A preliminary assessment of the case for monism -- The key issue: what happens when we die? -- The strategy for concluding the debate -- pt. 6: Anthropology and personal eschatology in the New Testament: the non-Pauline writings -- Introduction: refining the terms of the debate -- Dualism in the anthropological terminology -- Is there a non-Pauline eschatology? -- Provisional conclusion -- pt. 7: Anthropology and personal eschatology in the New Testament: the Pauline epistles -- Relevant Pauline texts -- pt. 8: New Testament eschatology and philosophical anthropology -- The intermediate state and dualism -- Immediate resurrection: monism or dualism? -- Monism, re-creation, and the problem of personal identity -- pt. 9: Practical and theological objections against dualism -- Introduction: the case is not completely closed -- Objection one: dualism undermines Christian orthopraxis -- Objection two: At death we pass out of time; there is no intermediate state -- Objection three: the whole person does not die -- Objection four: an immortal soul is postulated -- Objection five: dualism is a result of the fall; it is not inherent in creation -- Objection six: the Bible depicts the dead as bodily beings, not immaterial spirits -- pt. 10: Holistic dualism, science, and philosophy -- Introduction: the final topic of debate -- Dualism and science -- Anthropological dualism in philosophy -- Final conclusion: holistic dualism vindicated.