I. The place of 'justification by faith' in Paul's thought: Basic lines of interpretation -- A. An orientation to the problem and th method of this study -- B. Paul as an independent theologian: William Wrede -- C. Paul as a Jewish apocalyptic mystic: Albert Schweitzer -- D. Paul as believer: Rudolf Bultmann and the justification of the individual as the center of Paul's thought -- Bultmann's early description of Pauline soteriology -- Bultmann's mature description of Pauline soteriology -- E. Justification as Christ's saving Lordship: Ernst Kasemann -- F. Salvation in Christ for all as the essence of Pauline soteriology: E.P. Sanders and current Pauline research -- Sander's description of Pauline soteriology -- Sanders's description of early Judaism -- Sanders's work and current Pauline research -- Krister Stendahl -- James D.G. Dunn -- Lloyd Gaston -- Francis Watson -- Gerd Ludemann -- Heikki Raisanen -- Recent challenges to Sanders's portrait of Paul -- Stephen Westerholm -- Frank Thielman -- G. Summary and prospectus.