Introduction: A Legacy of Conflict? -- Confrontation, Cooperation, or Coexistence? -- Victorian Background -- Science and Religion in the New Century -- The Sciences and Religion -- The Religion of Scientists -- Changing Patterns of Belief -- Scientists and Christianity -- Scientists and Theism -- Method and Meaning -- Science and Values -- Scientists against Superstition -- Science and Rationalism -- Religion without Revelation -- Marxists and Other Radicals -- Science, Religion, and the History of Science -- Physics and Cosmology -- Ether and Spirit -- The New Physics -- The Earth and the Universe -- Evolution and the New Natural Theology -- Science and Creation -- Evolution and Progress -- The Role of Lamarckism -- Darwinism Revived -- Matter, Life, and Mind -- The Origin of Life -- Vitalism and Organicism -- Mind and Body -- Psychology and Religion -- The Churches and Science -- The Churches in the New Century -- The Challenge of the New -- The Churches' Response -- The New Theology in the Free Churches -- Precursors of the New Theology -- Campbell and the New Theology -- Modernism in the Free Churches -- Anglican Modernism -- Modernism and the New Natural Theology -- Charles F. D'Arcy -- E.W. Barnes -- W.R. Inge -- Charles Raven -- The Reaction against Modernism -- Evangelicals against Evolution -- Liberal Catholicism -- The Menace of the New Psychology -- Science and Modern Life -- Theology in the Thirties -- Roman Catholicism -- The Wider Debate -- Science and Secularism -- Against Idealism.