I. Hermeneutics : the sixteenth century and the twenty-first century -- The hermeneutics of reform : Erasmus, Luther, and contemporary theological interpretation of scripture -- II. Shared convictions : the reformers' new Pauline exegetical grammar -- The medieval context of the reformers : Pauline exegesis and soteriology -- The human plight apart from Christ : sin, the law, and the conscience -- Salvation in Christ : the works of the law, grace, and faith -- III. Individual perspectives : Luther, Melanchthon, and Calvin on righteousness in Christ -- Alien righteousness in Christ : the integration of justification by faith and union with Christ in Martin Luther's Pauline exegesis -- Relational righteousness : justification on account of Christ in Philip Melanchthon's Pauline exegesis -- Righteousness and reciprocity : justification and the works of the believer in John Calvin's Pauline exegesis -- IV. Contemporary implications : the reformers and the new perspective on Paul -- Mapping complexity : a revised account of the relationship between reformation exegesis and the "new perspective on Paul" -- Righteousness in Christ : towards the reconciliation of the perspectives.